Bitdeer Technologies Group (the “Registrant”) is filing this registration statement, which contains two prospectuses:

The base prospectus immediately follows this explanatory note. The specific terms of any securities to be offered pursuant to the base prospectus will be specified in a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus. The sales agreement prospectus supplement immediately follows the base prospectus. The Class A Ordinary Shares that may be issued and sold pursuant to the sales agreement prospectus supplement are included in the US$750,000,000 of securities that may be issued and sold by the Company pursuant to the base prospectus. Any portion of the US$250,000,000 included in the sales agreement prospectus supplement that remains unsold pursuant to the sales agreement will be available for sale in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus and a corresponding prospectus supplement.

We may offer and sell from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to US$750,000,000 of any combination of the following securities: ordinary shares, debt securities and warrants (collectively, the “securities”). We may offer and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in different series, at times, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at or prior to the time of each offering. This prospectus describes the general terms of these securities and the general manner in which these securities will be offered. We will provide the specific terms of these securities in supplements to this prospectus. The prospectus supplements will also describe the specific manner in which these securities will be offered and may also supplement, update or amend information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement before you invest.

The securities covered by this prospectus may be offered through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers. The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the names of the underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, any applicable commissions or discounts payable to them and the specific terms of the plan of distribution. For general information about the distribution of securities offered, see “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 49 of this prospectus.

Our Class A Ordinary Shares are currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “BTDR.” On March 15, 2024, the last reported sales price of our Class A Ordinary Shares was US$8.00 per share.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 9 of this prospectus and, if applicable, any risk factors described in any applicable prospectus supplement and in our Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

None of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities or determined if this prospectus is accurate or adequate. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This prospectus is a part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may, from time to time, sell up to US$750,000,000 of any combination of the securities described in this prospectus. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that may be offered by us. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement accompanied by this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will contain specific information about the nature of the persons offering securities and the terms of the securities being offered at that time. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.

Before buying any of the securities we are offering, you should carefully read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement with all of the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as well as the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find Additional Information” and “Information Incorporated by Reference.” These documents contain important information that you should consider when making your investment decision. We have filed or incorporated by reference exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You should read the exhibits carefully for provisions that may be important to you.

To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in any prospectus supplement or in any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus, provided that if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date-for example, a prospectus supplement or a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus-the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

Neither we nor any underwriters, dealers or agents have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus we have prepared. Neither we nor any underwriters, dealers or agents take responsibility for, or provide assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby and only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of those documents only, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement, or any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

We have proprietary rights to trademarks used in this prospectus that are important to our business, many of which are registered (or pending registration) under applicable intellectual property laws. This prospectus contains references to trademarks, trade names and service marks belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ® or TM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that the applicable licensor will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, its rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

On April 13, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), we consummated our previously announced business combination pursuant to that certain Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger dated December 15, 2021 (as amended on May 30, 2022, December 2, 2022 and March 7, 2023, the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Bitdeer Technologies Holding Company, Bitdeer Technologies Group, Blue Safari Group Acquisition Corp. (“BSGA”), Blue Safari Merge Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bitdeer Technologies Group (“BSGA Merger Sub 1”), Blue Safari Merge II Limited, a British Virgin Islands business

company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of BTG (“BSGA Merger Sub 2”), Bitdeer Merge Limited, an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bitdeer Technologies Group (“Bitdeer Merger Sub”) and Blue Safari Mini Corp. (“BSGA Sub”).

As contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (i) BSGA Merger Sub 1 merged with and into BSGA, with BSGA surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bitdeer Technologies Group (the “First SPAC Merger”), (ii) immediately following the First SPAC Merger, BSGA merged with and into BSGA Merger Sub 2, with BSGA Merger Sub 2 surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bitdeer Technologies Group (the “Second SPAC Merger”, together with the First SPAC Merger, the “Initial Mergers”), (iii) immediately following the Initial Mergers, Bitdeer Merger Sub merged with and into Bitdeer, with Bitdeer surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bitdeer Technologies Group (the “Acquisition Merger”, together with the Initial Mergers and other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”). As a result of and upon consummation of the Business Combination, the shareholders of Bitdeer and securityholders of BSGA became shareholders and securityholders of our company, Bitdeer Technologies Group.

Class A Ordinary Shares are currently listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “BTDR”. On March 15, 2024, the closing price for each Class A Ordinary Share was US$8.00. The market price of Class A Ordinary Shares could vary at any time.

In this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company,” “Bitdeer” and references to “we,” “us,” or similar such references should be understood to be references to Bitdeer Technologies Group and its subsidiaries. When this document refers to “Bitdeer” “we,” “us,” or similar such references in the context of discussing Bitdeer’s business or other affairs prior to the consummation of the Business Combination on April 13, 2023, it refers to the business of Bitdeer Technologies Holding Company and its subsidiaries. Following the date of consummation of the Business Combination, references to “Bitdeer” “we,” “us,” or similar such references should be understood to refer to Bitdeer Technologies Group and its subsidiaries. References to “BSGA” should be understood to refer to Blue Safari Group Acquisition Corp.

Certain amounts and percentages that appear in this document may not sum due to rounding. Unless otherwise stated or unless the context otherwise requires, in this document:

“Bitdeer Convertible Note” means the US$30,000,000 8% coupon unsecured convertible notes due July 2023 issued pursuant to such subscription agreement dated July 23, 2021 between Bitdeer and VENTE Technology Growth Investments L.P. as the noteholder, as amended by the First Amendment to Definitive Certificate for the Convertible Notes, dated December 15, 2021, by the same parties, and further amended by the Second Amendment to Definitive Certificate for the Convertible Notes, dated July 22, 2023, by the same parties, as a result of which we have repaid US$7 million in principal (and interest accrued thereon from July 1, 2023) of the then outstanding notes, and extended the maturity of the Bitdeer Convertible Note to July 21, 2025, by when we will pay the remainder of the notes.

“Bitdeer Merger Sub” or “Merger Sub 3” means Bitdeer Merge Limited, an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of Cayman Islands and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

“Bitdeer Ordinary Shares” means the ordinary shares in the share capital of Bitdeer.

“Bitdeer Plan” means the 2021 Share Incentive Plan adopted by Bitdeer on July 20, 2021, as amended from time to time.

“Bitdeer Preference Shares” means the preference shares in the share capital of Bitdeer.

“Bitdeer RSUs” means the restricted share units to acquire Bitdeer Shares issued pursuant to an award granted under the Bitdeer Plan.

“Bitdeer Shares” means the Bitdeer Ordinary Shares and the Bitdeer Preference Shares.

“Bitdeer Total Shares” means, as of immediately prior to the Acquisition Effective Time (as defined in the Merger Agreement), (i) the sum of the number of issued and outstanding Bitdeer Shares (on an as-converted basis), (ii) the aggregate number of Bitdeer Shares (on an as-converted basis) issuable upon the settlement of all vested Bitdeer RSUs as of immediately prior to the Acquisition Effective Time (including after giving effect to the consummation of the Acquisition Merger or any acceleration of any unvested Bitdeer RSUs in connection with the consummation of the Acquisition Merger) and (iii) the aggregate number of Bitdeer Shares (on an as-converted basis) issuable upon conversion of the Bitdeer Convertible Note.

“Business Combination” means the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

“Cayman Companies Act” means the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands.

“Class A Ordinary Shares” means the Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0000001, in the share capital of the Company.

“Class V Ordinary Shares” means the Class V ordinary shares, par value US$0.0000001, in the share capital of the Company.

“Closing Date” means April 13, 2023.

“COVID-19” means the novel coronavirus.

“Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Exchange Ratio” means the quotient obtained by dividing the Per Share Equity Value by US$10.00, which is approximately 0.00858.

“IAS” means International Accounting Standard.

“IASB” means International Accounting Standards Board.

“IFRS” means International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

“Investment Company Act” or “1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

“JOBS Act” means the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012.

“Merger Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 15, 2021, by and among the Company, BSGA, Bitdeer and other parties thereto, which amended and restated the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated November 18, 2021, as amended by (i) the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated May 30, 2022, by and among the same parties, (ii) the Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 2, 2022, by and among the same parties, and (iii) the Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated March 7, 2023, by and among the same parties.

“Nasdaq” means the Nasdaq Stock Market.

“Ordinary Shares” means Class A Ordinary Shares and/or Class V Ordinary Shares (as appropriate).

“PFIC” means a passive foreign investment company.

“Per Share Equity Value” means the quotient obtained by dividing US$1.18 billion by the Bitdeer Total Shares.

“Rule 144” means Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

“Sarbanes-Oxley Act” means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“U.S. Dollars” and “US$” means United States dollars, the legal currency of the United States.

“U.S. GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus contain forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”) provides safe harbor protections for forward-looking statements in order to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their business. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, our expectations concerning the outlook for our business, productivity, plans and goals for future operational improvements and capital investments, operational performance, future market conditions or economic performance and developments in the capital and credit markets and expected future financial performance, as well as any information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations.

Bitdeer desires to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the PSLRA and is including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe harbor legislation. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “seek,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “may,” “target,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” or similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends or that are not statements of historical matters.

Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and actual results or events may differ materially from those implied in those statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:

We caution you not to rely on forward-looking statements, which reflect current beliefs and are based on information currently available as of the date a forward-looking statement is made. Forward-looking statements set forth herein speak only as of the date of this prospectus. We undertake no obligation to revise forward-looking statements to reflect future events, changes in circumstances or changes in beliefs except to the extent required by law. In the event that any forward-looking statement is updated, no inference should be made that we will make additional updates with respect to that statement, related matters, or any other forward-looking statements except to the extent required by law. You should read this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Any corrections or revisions and other important assumptions and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements, including discussions of significant risk factors, may appear in our public filings with the SEC, which are or will be (as appropriate) accessible at www.sec.gov, and which you are advised to consult. For additional information, please see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Market, ranking and industry data used throughout this prospectus, including statements regarding market size and technology adoption rates, is based on the good faith estimates of our management, which in turn are based upon our management’s review of internal surveys, independent industry surveys and publications and other third-party research and publicly available information. These data involve a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry data presented herein, its estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors.

Investing in our securities involves risk. Before making a decision to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement and in our then-most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, and any updates to those risk factors in our reports on Form 6-K incorporated by reference in this prospectus, together with all of the other information appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, in light of your particular investment objectives and financial circumstances. Although we discuss key risks in our discussion of risk factors, new risks may emerge in the future, which may prove to be significant. We cannot predict future risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, the principal purpose of an offering would be to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility and the net proceeds from our sale of the securities will be used for general corporate purposes and other business opportunities.

We may declare dividends on the Ordinary Shares from time to time. The declaration, payment and amount of any future dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other things, the results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, operating and capital requirements, and other factors as our board of directors considers relevant. There is no assurance that future dividends will be paid, and if dividends are paid, there is no assurance with respect to the amount of any such dividend.

The distribution of dividends may also be limited by the Companies Act, which permits the distribution of dividends only out of either profit or the credit standing in the Company’s share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the Company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business immediately following the date on which the distribution or dividend is paid. Under the Company’s articles of association, dividend distributions may be determined by our board of directors, without the need for shareholder approval. See “Description of Securities” and “Tax Considerations” for additional information.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties about our business and operations. Our actual results and the timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those we describe under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Recent events impacting our business are as follows:

We consummated the Business Combination on April 13, 2023. Our Class A Ordinary Shares commenced trading on the Nasdaq on April 14, 2023, under the symbol “BTDR.”

We regularly review a number of metrics, including the key metrics presented below, to evaluate our business and performance.

We believe hash rate is an important metric for assessing the strength of our business. “Hash rate” is a measure of computational power that is being used to mine and process transactions on a PoW blockchain, such as Bitcoin, representing the number of calculations per second that can be performed. Cryptocurrency mining is a competitive process in that only the first miner who solves a particular mining puzzle through numerous calculations can get the mining reward. Accordingly, the more hash rate we possess, as a percentage of the entire network hash rate for a particular cryptocurrency, the higher possibility we have in resolving a block on the network blockchain, and hence a greater chance of success in obtaining cryptocurrency rewards. We calculate and report our hash rate in EH/s. One exahash equals one quintillion hashes per second. As of September 30, 2023, we possessed proprietary hash rate of 8.7 EH/s.

Electrical capacity is another key metric to evaluate our business and operation given the energy intensive nature of cryptocurrency mining. Cryptocurrency mining is conducted through intensive computations, and the generation of the hash rate used in such computations requires large amounts of electricity. As a result, the growth of our business, such as self-mining and hash rate sales through Cloud Hash Rate, relies on a sustainable and increasing supply of a significant amount of electricity, which is currently supported by our mining datacenters. As of September 30, 2023, our electrical capacity was 895MW.

As our business operations consume a large amount of electricity and electricity cost in operating mining machines accounts for a significant portion of our overall cost of revenue, we strive to maintain our leadership position in the global electricity cost curve by building mining datacenters worldwide, where low electricity cost supports stable operations. As such, we see electricity cost a key indicator of our business performance. Our premier mining datacenters allowed us to reach an average electricity cost of our mining datacenters to US$50/MWh for the year ended December 31, 2022 and US$38/MWh for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

In evaluating our business, we consider and use non-IFRS measures, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted profit/(loss), as supplemental measures to review and assess our operating performance. We define adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, further adjusted to exclude listing fee and share-based payment expenses under IFRS 2, and define adjusted profit/(loss) as profit/(loss) adjusted to exclude

listing fee and share-based payment expenses under IFRS 2. We present these non-IFRS financial measures because they are used by our management to evaluate our operating performance and formulate business plans. We also believe that the use of these non-IFRS measures facilitate investors’ assessment of our operating performance. These measures are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. As a result, you should not consider these measures in isolation from, or as a substitute analysis for, our profit/(loss) for the periods, as determined in accordance with IFRS.

We compensate for these limitations by reconciling these non-IFRS financial measures to the nearest IFRS performance measure, all of which should be considered when evaluating our performance. We encourage you to review our financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.

The following table presents a reconciliation of profit/(loss) for the relevant period to adjusted EBITDA and adjusted profit/(loss), for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2023.

The following factors are the principal factors that have affected and will continue to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We derive, and expect to continue to derive, a significant portion of revenue from self-mining of cryptocurrency, primarily Bitcoin. Hence, our ability to generate revenue from this business line is directly affected by the market price of Bitcoin. The Bitcoin price may also impact the use of our mining machines. Our self-mining business breaks even so long as it is economically beneficial for us to continue to operate our mining machines, and that is essentially when the mining machines contribute positive cash flow (i.e., when the variable cost to mine one Bitcoin, namely the electricity cost, equals the market price of a Bitcoin, which we refer to as “shutdown Bitcoin price” for our self-mining business). So long as the Bitcoin price is higher than the “shutdown Bitcoin price,” we would continue to operate our mining machines and such operation would be economically beneficial to us. See the section entitled “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Business, Operations, Industry and Financial Condition - Our results of operations have been and are expected to continue to be significantly impacted by Bitcoin price fluctuation.” In addition, the depreciation and impairment potential of our mining machines may be affected by the volatility of the market prices of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. See the section entitled “- Our ability to procure mining

machines at a lower cost” below. On the other hand, a drop in Bitcoin price may also create an opportunity for us to add cheaper mining machines to our mining fleets. We also generate a large percentage of revenue from Cloud Hash Rate, which offers hash rate to be utilized by third-party miners. As a result, revenue from this business line is also correlated with Bitcoin price and volatility.

However, there are a number of other factors that contribute to changes in Bitcoin price and volatility, including, but not limited to, Bitcoin market sentiment, macroeconomic factors, utility of Bitcoin, and idiosyncratic events such as exchange outages or social media. These factors have contributed to the depreciation of Bitcoin. For example, recent industry-wide developments, including the continued industry-wide fallout from the recent Chapter 11 bankruptcy filings of cryptocurrency exchanges FTX (including its affiliated hedge fund Alameda Research LLC), crypto hedge fund Three Arrows, crypto miners Compute North and Core Scientific and crypto lenders Celsius Network, Voyager Digital and BlockFi, have led to a drop in Bitcoin price. The Bitcoin price has dropped significantly from its last peak on November 9, 2021 to US$15,986 on November 22, 2022, its lowest point since the last peak, and returned to US$29,923, as of April 18, 2023.

Despite the recent market volatility, the appreciation potential of Bitcoin remains high due to several factors. Bitcoins are inherently scarce, given they are designed to have a finite supply of 21 million associated with a depreciating rewarding mechanism, termed “halving,” under which the reward for mining Bitcoin transactions is reduced in half every four years. The growing recognition of Bitcoins also attracts large investment into the Bitcoin economy, as evidenced by an increasing installed network hash rate of Bitcoin globally, and increasing adoption of Bitcoin as an investment instrument and a payment method. Further, more countries are establishing clear and robust regulations to create a more stable environment for Bitcoin mining and trading, which may facilitate the demand for Bitcoins and Bitcoin price appreciation. The Bitcoin price has soared by 236% from the last peak at US$20,089 on December 17, 2017 to US$67,562 on November 9, 2021, according to Frost & Sullivan.

While we have seen clear growth in both of our self-mining and Cloud Hash Rate business, we have limited ability to predict Bitcoin price and its volatility, which we expect to continue to affect our future earnings and cash flows.

A prevailing strategy to profit from proprietary hash rate is mining. The cryptocurrencies mined can be sold at a profit when their market value is high enough to cover the cost of mining machines, electricity fees and other mining-related expenses. Bitcoins are intentionally designed to be resource-intensive and difficult to mine, rendering hash rate critical in the mining industry. Possessing a higher share of network hash rate translates to a higher likelihood of generating mining awards.

We strive to maintain our leadership position in proprietary hash rate. In particular, we have established a business model that allows us to constantly reinforce our market-leading position and outpace our competitors in terms of scaling up our proprietary hash rate. We strategically allocate a significant amount of proprietary hash rate to hash rate sales through our Cloud Hash Rate business, to enable instant cash payback upon customers’ subscription to our hash rate plans. We generally generate proceeds from hash rate sales under long-term hash rate subscription plans that approximate the purchase cost of mining machines. We are able to achieve such a premium against mining machine purchase cost as our hash rate subscription plans save hash rate buyers the efforts from complex mining operation and maintenance and have built brand recognition among customers. Therefore, we are able to continuously grow our proprietary hash rate by funding the purchase of additional mining fleets with the instant cash collected from hash rate sales using our existing mining fleets, significantly reducing our payback period to one month, compared to the long payback period associated with cryptocurrency mining activities, which is typically from 6 to 18 months, according to Frost & Sullivan. We intend to continuously scale up our infrastructure and proprietary hash rate in this efficient manner in order to maintain and reinforce our leading position in proprietary hash rate. However, whether we can achieve a premium through this model depends on various factors, such as the supply and demand in both mining machines and global mining datacenters, whether miners prefer conducting mining operations on their own and technology advancements. Short-term Bitcoin price fluctuations is another contributing factor as quickly adjusting the pricing of our hash rate subscriptions plans to reflect such price change is difficult, if not impossible. Whether this approach will remain effective will affect our ability to add more mining fleets to support the scale-up of our infrastructure and hash rate.

Depreciation of mining machines remained one of the few largest costs we incurred in our business operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2023. Depreciation of mining machines is directly affected by the purchase price of these machines.

If the market value of cryptocurrencies increases, the demand for the most recent and efficient mining machines has also increased, leading to scarcity in the supply of and thereby an increase in the price of mining machines. As a result, the cost of new machines can be unpredictable, and could also be significantly higher than our historical cost for new mining machines. Based on our well-established network with upstream mining machine suppliers and traders, we believe that we are able to secure spot machines for the most recent and most commonly used models at a relatively low price for a majority of our mining machines and thereby lowering depreciation of mining machines. On the other hand, a decrease in market value of cryptocurrencies may present opportunities for us to procure cheaper mining machines. For example, in light of the recent decrease and volatility of Bitcoin price, we are in the process of establishing a fund to purchase mining machines from financially distressed miners, if the value and quality of such mining machines are satisfactory to us.

However, whether we are able to successfully procure mining machines at a low price is subject to a number of factors, including our brand strength, our mining machine purchase channels, and supply and demand of mining machines, some of which may not be entirely within our control. Even if we are able to procure mining machines at a lower cost, the depreciation and impairment potential of our mining machines may nevertheless be affected by the volatility of the market prices of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. We may need to reconsider the appropriateness of the current useful life, the residual value and the depreciation method of our mining machines based on the change in cryptocurrency prices on a yearly or more frequently basis. In addition to the reassessment of depreciation, we may also need to assess whether any indications are present which will result in impairments of our mining machines. For example, impairments may be necessary if the expected operating profits from the mining machines show a significant decline from previous forecasts, which may be caused if the market price of Bitcoin drops below the mining machine shut-down price.

Electricity cost was the other largest cost, besides depreciation of mining machines, that we incurred in our business operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2023.

Our ability to secure ample power supply with low electricity cost is underpinned by our top-notch global mining datacenters deployment and operation experience and capabilities. We pioneer in deploying and operating mining datacenters globally. Our dedicated global team for mining datacenter construction understands the critical needs of mining as well as the complex and continuously evolving global landscape of electricity supply. They also have extensive connections with local electricity experts and power enterprises around the world, giving us a clear advantage in mining datacenter construction, and hence in electrical capacity and electricity costs among our competitors. We were able to optimize our electricity cost structure and reach an average electricity cost of our mining datacenters to US$50/MWh for the year ended December 31, 2022 and US$38/MWh for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Whether our current cost-saving efforts or our forward strategy in this regard is effective for maintaining our leadership position in the global electricity cost curve will affect our ability to control our costs.

Our business operations involve constant and important decision-making regarding the pricing of our products and services as well as allocation of mining resources. Our pricing strategy is based on our estimates of market trends. As we operate three business lines, we have to decide the allocation of proprietary hash rate between “self-mining” and “hash rate sharing” as well as the allocation of mining datacenter capacity among “self-mining”, “hash rate sharing” and “hosting”. While allocating more mining resources to “hash rate sharing” and “hosting” services may facilitate cash payback and mining datacenter expansion, we have to forgo Bitcoin’s huge appreciation potential to some extent as we could earn more Bitcoins by allocating the same mining resources to “self-mining”, and vice versa. We spend great efforts in making decisions in the Company’s best interest, taking into account Bitcoin price, network hash rate, the amount of cash we need and our view on the market opportunities for acquiring mining machines or expanding mining datacenters at low cost, etc. However, we cannot guarantee that our decisions could bring the Company the best results every time, and we anticipate our business judgments will continue to affect the results of our operations.

Crypto-economy is characterized by continuous fluctuations and frequent innovations. Therefore, our future success is dependent on our ability to diversify our income structure to reduce exposure to fluctuations of the price of Bitcoin, the most significant type of cryptocurrency involved in our business operation, and maintain our market-leading position by upgrading and expanding our offerings. We launched Minerplus in January 2021 to improve operational efficiency for our self-mining business and miner customers. We expect to further expand our hosting service and generate more revenue from the service. We are in the process of building an efficient hash rate trading marketplace connecting third-party hash rate suppliers and hash rate buyers. We intend to enrich our product and service portfolio by providing mining services covering new crypto protocols, including Proof-of-Stake (“PoS”), Delegated Proof-of-Stake (“DPoS”), Proof-of-Spacetime (“PoSt”) and Proof-of-Capacity (“PoC”), and steadily increase the weight of new business to diversify revenue streams and attract new customers who are users of these new crypto protocols.

Although we have accumulated extensive expertise and know-how in the cryptocurrency industry, we are only at an earlier stage of executing our offering expansion plan. Upgrading existing offerings and commencing new businesses may incur significant costs and experience a prolonged ramp-up period. Although we expect these investments to benefit our business over the long term, we also expect our total operating expenses will increase for the foreseeable future. If any adverse development in such new businesses arises, we may not be able to develop those new businesses as successfully as contemplated, or at all, and our results of operations and prospects may be significantly and negatively affected as a result.

We are a leading cryptocurrency mining service provider with a strong global presence. As of September 30, 2023, we operated six prime mining datacenters in the United States, Norway and Bhutan and had served users across over 100 countries and regions around the globe, and may continue to expand our operations to more countries and regions. Each of our business lines is subject to government regulation in each jurisdiction in which we operate and various jurisdictions may from time to time adopt laws, regulations or directives that affect our businesses. We are subject to regulatory risks with regards to mining, holding, using, or transferring cryptocurrencies, etc., and the uncertainty of the regulatory environment and our ability to anticipate and respond to potential changes in government policies and regulations will have a significant impact on our business operations in countries we operate in and our overall results of operations. Regulations have impacted or could impact, among others, the nature of and scope of offerings we are able to make available, the pricing of offerings on our platform, our relationship with, and incentives, fees and commissions provided to or charged from our business partners, our ability to operate in certain segments of our business. We expect that our ability to manage our relationships with regulators in each of our markets, as well as existing and evolving regulations will continue to impact our results in the future.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused general business disruption worldwide beginning in January 2020, and the subsequent restrictive measures imposed by the governments around the world have caused disruption to businesses and resulted in significant global economic impacts. COVID-19 has also historically impacted the payment efficiency of certain of our customers. The effects the pandemic are subsiding and we, at present, are conducting business and operations as usual. As of the date of this prospectus, these impacts have not had a significant effect on our financial results or operations and liquidity. See the section entitled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business, Operations, Industry and Financial Condition—The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a significantly negative impact on the global economy, industry and market conditions. The ongoing development and the global control on the pandemic are unclear, which may increase the instability of Bitdeer’s development, materially and adversely affecting Bitdeer’s results of operations” for further details regarding risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

We generate revenue from (i) self-mining, (ii) hash rate sales through Cloud Hash Rate, (iii) Cloud Hosting, (iv) General Hosting, (v) Membership Hosting, (vi) sales of mining machines and (vii) others, which mainly consist of the provision of technical and human resources service, repairment services of hosted mining machines, lease of

investment properties and the sale of mining machine peripherals. Historically, we only accepted cryptocurrency for Cloud Hosting. For our other products and services available to customers, we accept both fiat currency and cryptocurrencies as payments.

We enter into contracts with mining pool operators to provide computing power generated from our own mining machines to the mining pools. The contracts with mining pool operators are terminable at any time by either party. In exchange for providing computing power to the mining pool, we are entitled to cryptocurrency rewards from the mining pool operators, which is a variable consideration calculated based on a predetermined formula agreed by us and the mining pool operator as a part of the arrangement. The variable consideration is constrained until we can reasonably estimate the amount of mining rewards by the end of a given day based on the actual amount of computing power provided to the mining pool operators. By then, we consider it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of revenues will not occur and includes such variable consideration in the transaction price. Providing computing power is an output of our ordinary activities and the only performance obligation in our contracts with mining pool operators. We recognize the revenue when the variable consideration is no longer constrained and the performance obligation of providing computing power has been satisfied. As a result, we do not present disaggregated revenue information on block rewards and transaction verification fees.

Through Cloud Hash Rate, customers can subscribe to a specified amount of computing power derived from the mining machines held by us for a period of time through a wide selection of hash rate subscription plans offered by us, differentiated by plan duration and the type of cryptocurrency to be mined. By subscribing to the hash rate subscription plan, the customers are able to direct the computing power provided by us to be connected to a customer-designated mining pool for a period of time. As a result of directing the connection of such computing power to the mining pools, the customers are entitled to the mining rewards, which are directly transferred from mining pools to the customer-designated cryptocurrency wallets. Customers pay a fixed amount for the subscribed hash rate at the commencement of the plans. The revenue related to hash rate subscriptions is amortized ratably throughout the duration of the plan. The customer also needs to separately pay for electricity subscriptions to maintain the mining machines that produce the subscribed hash rate. The revenue related to electricity subscriptions is recognized ratably throughout the duration of each respective electricity subscription. The price of electricity subscription is fixed at the commencement of each electricity subscription. The hash rate subscription plans are offered under two modes. Under the classic mode, the customer receives all of the mining rewards from the mining pool. Under the accelerator mode, the customer pays a relatively lower computing power subscription fee. In exchange, we are entitled to additional consideration once the customer’s cost is recovered. The additional consideration is determined as a percentage of a customer’s mining profit derived from the subscribed computing power. We accept both cryptocurrency and fiat currency as payments under the Cloud Hash Rate arrangements.

Through Cloud Hosting, we provide our customers one-stop mining machines hosting solution that integrates the provision of computing power generated from the specified second-hand mining machines and the provision of maintenance service, which primarily includes electricity supply and daily maintenance and repair care. We charge our customers an upfront amount at the commencement of the Cloud Hosting arrangements so the customers can secure the procurement of the computing power from the specified mining machines and the corresponding revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the service, which approximates to the life of the specified mining machines and is estimated to be two years, and maintenance service fee, based on the consumption of resources, such as electricity, and the corresponding revenue is recognized across each service cycle. The estimated life of these mining machines is reviewed at least at each financial year-end and adjusted if the expectation of the realization of economic benefits from the specified mining machines is different from the previous estimate. The Cloud Hosting arrangements are offered under two modes. Under the classic mode, the customer receives all of the mining rewards from the mining pool. Under the accelerator mode, the customer is charged with a lower upfront amount and enjoys a quicker recovery of the costs. In exchange, we are entitled to additional consideration once a customer’s cost is recovered. The additional consideration, which is variable, is determined as a percentage of a customer’s mining profit derived from the computing power of the specified mining machines and constrained until the mining pool operator finishes the calculation of the mining reward related to the mining activity in a given day. We include such additional

consideration in the transaction price and recognizes revenues when we can reasonably calculate the amount and determine it is probable a significant reversal will not occur. We did not generate any revenue from the additional consideration from Cloud Hosting arrangements offered under the “accelerated payback mode” for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2023. We historically only accept cryptocurrency as payments for services under the Cloud Hosting arrangements. Under the Cloud Hosting arrangements, our customers’ ability to direct the use of, and to obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the mining machines is limited while the mining machines are in our possession. We have determined that we still retain control over the mining machines and consequently, the mining machines under the Cloud Hosting arrangements were not derecognized from our book.

We provide General Hosting services that enable our customers to run blockchain computing operations. The service fee is charged to our customers monthly on a consumption basis, such as the amount of electricity used in a period, based on the customer’s use of such resources. Revenue from the General Hosting service is recognized across each service cycle. We accept both cryptocurrency and fiat currency as payments for the provision of custody and hosting service.

We offer Membership Hosting services to our large-scale miner customers by entering into a series of contracts, which includes a membership program agreement and a management services agreement. These contracts are signed with the same customer at or near the same time, and they are combined and accounted for as a single contract.

Unlike General Hosting where the customer’s access to mining datacenter capacity is subject to the availability of such capacity at the time the request was raised, a customer under Membership Hosting will be designated of certain capacity (i.e., designated capacity) exclusive for use by such customer, by signing a standard membership program agreement. We also provide other program benefits, if available, to customers under Membership Hosting, including, among other things, (i) early, priority and exclusive access to the newly available mining datacenter capacity that is sufficient for large-scale miners, upon a new mining datacenter becomes available and (ii) more favorable pricing terms for our services, such as mining machine management services, than the prevailing price in the local market. We charge an upfront fee for such program benefits.

We also provide management services, such as infrastructure, custody, and utility, for the mining machines of a Membership Hosting customer up to designated capacity, pursuant to a separate management services agreement, and charge management services fee. We also charge additional fee, at our stand-alone selling price, for the subscription of our mining machine operation service. The management services fee and the mining machine operation fee, as applicable, are charged to the customer monthly based on the customer’s consumption of resources, such as the amount of electricity used in a period.

Our promises offered in the membership program agreement and management services agreement are not separately identifiable and treated as a single performance obligation recognized over a period of time. Revenue associated with the upfront fee for the program benefits is recognized over the program subscription period and revenue associated with the management service is recognized over each distinct service period. The promise to provide the mining machine operation service, if subscribed to by a customer, is accounted for as a separate performance obligation and the associated revenue is recognized over each distinct service period at their respective stand-alone selling price. We accept both cryptocurrency and fiat currency as payments for the membership hosting arrangements.

We may engage in the sales of mining machines on hand from time to time, depending on market conditions, capacity availability in our mining datacenters and the availability of new-generation mining machines that are more efficient. While not part of our three primary business lines, we sell mining machines on hand when, based on our judgement, selling machines of older models can (i) facilitate cash payback while maintaining a reasonable profit range compared to utilizing them for our own operations and (ii) optimize the efficiency of our mining fleets. Factors we considered include market conditions, capacity availability in our mining datacenters and the availability of new-generation mining machines that are more efficient. We recognize revenue from sales of mining machines to

customers at the point in time when control of the mining machines is transferred to our customers, which generally occurs upon shipment of the mining machines as defined in the contract. We accept both cryptocurrency and fiat currency as payments for mining machine purchase.

We also generate from other operations, mainly including the provision of technical and human resources service, repairment services of hosted mining machines, lease of investment properties and the sale of mining machine peripherals. The revenue generated from these operations was individually immaterial for all periods under discussion.

Our cost of revenue consists primarily of (i) electricity expenses incurred for operating our mining machines in its revenue-generating activities, (ii) depreciation expense from the mining machines and datacenters hosting those mining machines, (iii) costs of mining machines sold to customers and (iv) compensation expenses incurred by mining datacenter personnel.

We incur electricity costs when (i) operating self-owned mining machines for cryptocurrency mining, (ii) generating hash rate for sales under Cloud Hash Rate, (iii) operating specified mining machines for customers under Cloud Hosting and (iv) operating customer-owned mining machines during the provision of General Hosting and Membership Hosting services.

Depreciation on our mining machines is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate costs up to residual values over the estimated useful lives of the assets. We review the useful lives and residual values at least at each financial year-end and adjusted, if appropriate, to ensure that the method and rates of depreciation are consistent with the expected pattern of realization of economic benefits from mining machines. We estimate the useful lives of mining machines based on historical experience, taking into account anticipated technological changes. If there are significant changes from previously estimated useful lives, the amount of depreciation expenses may change.

The useful life for mining machines was changed from one year to one to two years since the year ended December 31, 2021 for the mining machines of newer models that were purchased in 2021 as a result of the review conducted in July 2021. The useful life for mining machines was further changed from one to two years to one to five years as a result of the review conducted in June 2023 for the mining machines of newer models that were purchased in 2023.

Depreciation of mining datacenters is calculated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets comprised thereof, such as buildings, machinery, electronic equipment and leasehold improvement, and is recorded under depreciation of property, plant, and equipment. The depreciation method, useful life and residual value of these assets are reviewed at least at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate.

The compensation expenses incurred by mining datacenter personnel consists primarily of (i) share-based payment expenses related to mining datacenter personnel as a result of the grant of options under the 2021 Share Incentive Plan and (ii) staff costs, including salaries, wages and other benefits in relation to mining datacenter personnel.

The cost of mining machines sold is incurred when we sell our mining machines that have been used for our business operations. It is recognized at the net book value of the associated mining machines.

Our gross profit or loss is primarily affected by (i) Bitcoin prices, which have a significant and direct effect on the amount of revenue we recognized from our operations, (ii) depreciation of mining machines, which is directly related to the mining machine purchases we made, (iii) electricity costs, (iv) staff cost, including salaries, wages and other benefits and (v) share-based payment expenses.

Our selling expenses primarily consist of (i) staff costs, including wages, bonuses and benefits to sales personnel, (ii) promotional expenses, which primarily represent expenses incurred for online and offline marketing activities and other promotional activities to reach more customers, and (iii) share-based payment expenses related to marketing personnel.

Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of (i) staff costs, including wages, bonuses and benefits to general and administrative personnel, (ii) consulting service expenses, (iii) share-based payment expenses related to administrative personnel, (iv) insurance expenditure, and (v) travel expenses and office expenses incurred during our daily operation.

Our research and development expenses primarily consist of (i) staff costs, including wages, bonuses and benefits to research and development personnel, and (ii) share-based payment expenses related to research and development personnel. We invest significant research and development resources in improving technology related to our Cloud Hash Rate business including hash rate slicing, developing Hash Rate Marketplace and improve our Minerplus features like virus detection and hash rate monitoring. We also spent R&D efforts on utilizing renewable energy and increasing energy efficiency.

Our other operating income/expenses primarily consist of (i) net gain/losses on disposal of cryptocurrencies, (ii) net loss on disposal of mining machine and (iii) write-off of receivables from a related party.

Other net gain/loss primarily consist of (i) loss in fair value change of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, (ii) net gain on disposal of other financial assets, (iii) net gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, (iv) impairment loss of a pre-matured investment, and (v) net gain on settlement of balances between Bitmain.

The following tables summarizes our results of operations, revenue breakdown, and expenses by nature for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2023. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The results of operations in any particular period are not necessarily indicative of our future trends.

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years or periods indicated: